Joint Plan of Action
(Iran - 5+1 Geneva Agreement reached on 24 November 2013)
 |
Zarif (Foreign Minister of Iran) and
Kerry (Secretary of State of USA) |
The goal for these
negotiations is to reach a mutually-agreed long-term comprehensive
solution that would ensure Iranˈs nuclear program will be exclusively
peaceful. Iran reaffirms that under no circumstances will Iran ever seek
or develop any nuclear weapons. This comprehensive solution would build
on these initial measures and result in a final step for a period to be
agreed upon and the resolution of concerns. This comprehensive
solution would enable Iran to fully enjoy its right to nuclear energy
for peaceful purposes under the relevant articles of the NPT in
conformity with its obligations therein. This comprehensive solution
would involve a mutually defined enrichment program with practical
limits and transparency measures to ensure the peaceful nature of the
program. This comprehensive solution would constitute an integrated
whole where nothing is agreed until everything is agreed. This
comprehensive solution would involve a reciprocal, step-by step process,
and would produce the comprehensive lifting of all UN Security Council
sanctions, as well as multilateral and national sanctions related to
Iranˈs nuclear program.
There would be additional steps
in between the initial measures and the final step, including, among
other things, addressing the UN Security Council resolutions, with a
view toward bringing to a satisfactory conclusion the UN Security
Councilˈs consideration of this matter. The E3+3 and Iran will be
responsible for conclusion and implementation of mutual near-term
measures and the comprehensive solution in good faith. A Joint
Commission of E3/EU+3 and Iran will be established to monitor the
implementation of the near-term measures and address issues that
may arise, with the IAEA responsible for verification of nuclear-related
measures. The Joint Commission will work with the IAEA to facilitate
resolution of past and present issues of concern.
Elements of a first step
The
first step would be time-bound, with a duration of 6 months, and
renewable by mutual consent, during which all parties will work to
maintain a constructive atmosphere for negotiations in good faith.
Iran would undertake the following voluntary measures:
*
From the existing uranium enriched to 20%, retain half as working stock
of 20% oxide for fabrication of fuel for the TRR. Dilute the remaining
20% UF6 to no more than 5%. No reconversion line.
* Iran announces that it will not enrich uranium over 5% for the duration of the 6 months.
*
Iran announces that it will not make any further advances of its
activities at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant (1), Fordow (2), or the
Arak reactor (3), designated by the IAEA as IR-40.
*
Beginning when the line for conversion of UF6 enriched up to 5% to UO2
is ready, Iran has decided to convert to oxide UF6 newly enriched up to
5% during the 6 month period, as provided in the operational schedule of
the conversion plant declared to the IAEA.
* No new locations for the enrichment.
*
Iran will continue its safeguarded R&D practices, including its
current enrichment R&D practices, which are not designed for
accumulation of the enriched uranium.
* No reprocessing or construction of a facility capable of reprocessing.
* Enhanced monitoring:
-
Provision of specified information to the IAEA, including information
on Iranˈs plans for nuclear facilities, a description of each building
on each nuclear site, a description of the scale of operations for each location engaged in specified nuclear activities, information on uranium mines and mills, and information on source material. This information would be provided within three months of the adoption of these measures.
- Submission of an updated DIQ for the reactor at Arak, designated by the IAEA as the IR-40, to the IAEA.
- Steps to agree with the IAEA on conclusion of the Safeguards Approach for the reactor at Arak, designated by the IAEA as the IR-40.
- Daily IAEA inspector access when inspectors are not present for the purpose of Design Information Verification, Interim Inventory Verification, Physical Inventory Verification, and unannounced inspections, for the purpose of access to offline surveillance records, at Fordow and Natanz.
- IAEA inspector managed access to: centrifuge assembly workshops; centrifuge rotor production workshops and storage facilities; and, uranium mines and mills.
In return, the E3/EU+3 would undertake the following voluntary measures:
-
Pause efforts to further reduce Iranˈs crude oil sales, enabling Iranˈs
current customers to purchase their current average amounts of crude
oil. Enable the repatriation of an agreed amount of revenue held abroad.
For such oil sales, suspend the EU and U.S. sanctions on associated
insurance and transportation services.
- Suspend U.S. and EU sanctions on:
Iranˈs petrochemical exports, as well as sanctions on associated services. (5)
Gold and precious metals, as well as sanctions on associated services.
Suspend U.S. sanctions on Iranˈs auto industry, as well as sanctions on associated services.
·
License the supply and installation in Iran of spare parts for safety
of flight for Iranian civil aviation and associated services. License
safety related inspections and repairs in Iran as well as associated
services. (6)
· No new nuclear-related UN Security Council sanctions.
· No new EU nuclear-related sanctions.
·
The U.S. Administration, acting consistent with the respective roles of
the President and the Congress, will refrain from imposing new
nuclear-related sanctions.
· Establish a financial
channel to facilitate humanitarian trade for Iranˈs domestic needs using
Iranian oil revenues held abroad. Humanitarian trade would be defined
as transactions involving food and agricultural products, medicine,
medical devices, and medical expenses incurred abroad. This channel
would involve specified foreign banks and non-designated Iranian banks
to be defined when establishing the channel.
* This channel could also enable:
a- transactions required to pay Iranˈs UN obligations; and,
b-
direct tuition payments to universities and colleges for Iranian
students studying abroad, up to an agreed amount for the six month
period.
· Increase the EU authorisation thresholds for transactions for non-sanctioned trade to an agreed amount.
Elements of the final step of a comprehensive solution*
The
final step of a comprehensive solution, which the parties aim to
conclude negotiating and commence implementing no more than one year
after the adoption of this document, would:
· Have a specified long-term duration to be agreed upon.
· Reflect the rights and obligations of parties to the NPT and IAEA Safeguards Agreements.
· Comprehensively lift UN Security Council, multilateral and national nuclear-related sanctions, including steps on access in areas of trade, technology, finance, and energy, on a schedule to be agreed upon.
· Involve a mutually defined enrichment program with mutually agreed parameters consistent with practical needs, with agreed limits on scope and level of enrichment activities, capacity, where it is carried out, and stocks of enriched uranium, for a period to be agreed upon.
·
Fully resolve concerns related to the reactor at Arak, designated by
the IAEA as the IR-40. No reprocessing or construction of a facility
capable of reprocessing.
· Fully implement the agreed
transparency measures and enhanced monitoring. Ratify and implement the
Additional Protocol, consistent with the respective roles of the
President and the Majlis (Iranian parliament).
· Include
international civil nuclear cooperation, including among others, on
acquiring modern light water power and research reactors and associated
equipment, and the supply of modern nuclear fuel as well as agreed
R&D practices.
Following successful implementation of
the final step of the comprehensive solution for its full duration, the
Iranian nuclear program will be treated in the same manner as that of
any non-nuclear weapon state party to the NPT.
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(1)
Namely, during the 6 months, Iran will not feed UF6 into the
centrifuges installed but not enriching uranium. Not install additional
centrifuges. Iran announces that during the first 6 months, it will
replace existing centrifuges with centrifuges of the same type.
(2)
At Fordow, no further enrichment over 5% at 4 cascades now enriching
uranium, and not increase enrichment capacity. Not feed UF6 into the
other 12 cascades, which would remain in a non-operative state. No
interconnections between cascades. Iran announces that during the first 6
months, it will replace existing centrifuges with centrifuges of the
same type.
(3) Iran announces on concerns related to the
construction of the reactor at Arak that for 6 months it will not
commission the reactor or transfer fuel or heavy water to the reactor
site and will not test additional fuel or produce more fuel for the
reactor or install remaining components.
(4) Consistent with its plans, Iranˈs centrifuge production during the 6 months will be dedicated to replace damaged machines.
(5)
ˈSanctions on associated servicesˈ means any service, such as
insurance, transportation, or financial, subject to the underlying U.S.
or EU sanctions applicable, insofar as each service is related to the
underlying sanction and required to facilitate the desired transactions. These services could involve any non-designated Iranian entities.
(6) Sanctions relief could involve any non-designated Iranian airlines as well as Iran Air.
*
With respect to the final step and any steps in between, the standard
principle that ˈnothing is agreed until everything is agreedˈ applies.ˈ
Thoughts
This agreement is truly a historic landmark moment because it validates, for all the world to see, Iran's increased power and influence in the region and around the globe. Ahmadinejad's strong will and impressive courage in the face of an almost unbeatable foe offered time for an unprecedented leap in scientific development. Rouhani's current presidential administration will apparently focus on Iran's soft power, promoting it's values in a degrading world and spreading justice and faith to all those in need, this is Iran's mission in the world.
